After the Norman Invasion, motte and bailey castles were built along England, and by the 12th century, these wooden fortifications were seen in Scotland. But soon, they were replaced with massive stone towers and walls built on hills, along natural waterways and cliffs. Some of the most striking examples of medieval castle architecture can be found here.

These castles were used extensively throughout the Wars of Independence fought between the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Massive castles such as Stirling, Falkirk, and Edinburgh continue to amaze visitors, but many smaller fortifications were also important in Scotland's history. Tower houses were very popular in Scotland during the late Middle Ages, and is the archetypal Scottish castle.

Many castles have fallen in to spectacular ruin, while others have been restored to their medieval majesty.